Sustainable Protected Area Management Model Based on Civil-Military Cooperation in Kutai National Park, East Borneo, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Kutai National Park (KNP) is a national park of lowland tropical rain forest that rich with biodiversity and conservation area comprising of terrestrial and coastal areas. It is one among those 50 national parks in Indonesia that has been muted, degraded, and encroached due to road built across the park connecting and transporting oil and gas, intermittent forest fires and local plus immigrant people. Since the existence of the national park, conflict of interest involved many stakeholders. Based on the current data, during 63 years from 1934 until 1997, this area has been drastically reduced from approximately 2 million ha into only above 200 thousand hectares This reduction was due to the change their land appropriation from park into partially mining concessions, settlement and agriculture. Objective: the aims of study were to analyze the needs of the future management of KNP and make a management model that can guarantee the existence of KNP in the future. Result: Prospective analysis result showed that the factors of institutional strengthening and partner engagement were determinant factors for civil-military based management model of KNP, while the driving factors to succeed the model were re-organization, law enforcement, and area security patrol. The result of combined scenario applied with intervention and tested with sustainable socio-economy aspect, protection and area security as well as management aspect and sustainable financing. Thus, the KNP management model used civil-military scenario. This model could ensure sustainable socio-economic of the community, protection, and security of KNP as well as the management and sustainable funding for the future of the National Park. Conlusion: the result of prospective analysis showed that the future needs for the existence of KNP were with setting the factors of institutional strengthening and engagement of Kutai Partner as the determinant factors; and factors of institutional re-organization, security patrol, and law enforcement as the driving factors for KNP civil-military based management model.