Bioconcentration of Lead (PB) in Milkfish (Chanos Chanos Forsk) Related to the Water Quality in Aquaculture Ponds of Marunda, North Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Coastal areas of Jakarta are well known for their multiple uses (housings, industries, etc.). In this region, aquaculture ponds are also flourished and receiving not only coastal waters but also from river nearby that contain heavy metals. Lead (Pb) has been recognized as hazardous metal because it can cause health problem. The objectives of this study are to measure the lead (Pb) content in the ponds sediment and C. chanos, to determine bioconcentration factor of C. chanos and its relationship with water quality parameters. Samples of sediments and C. chanos were collected from four (M1-M4) aquaculture ponds located in Marunda, North Jakarta. Lead (Pb) content was analysed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) Shimadzu 6300. The highest content of lead (Pb) in the sediment (with lowest Pb content in muscles of C. chanos) was found in M2, which is 16.33 μg/g. On the contrary, the lowest content of Pb in sediment (8.93 μg/g) was found in M1 (location with highest Pb concentration in muscles of C.chanos). Based on bioconcentration factor (BCF) calculation, M1 had the highest BCF, as much as 0.558. Pb content in gills of C.chanos always higher compared to muscles. Moreover, the lower dissolved oxygen (6.8 mg/l), pH (7.3), and salinity (16.5‰ ) were observed in M1. The lower dissolved oxygen in M1 confirmed oxygen consumption by fish. Also, the lower pH accelerated the dissolution/release of metals in sediments, hence it becomes available for fish (C.chanos). Higher salinities ponds have higher bioaccumulated lead (Pb), especially on gills.